How poor students become slaves of the pyramids
¼ö¾÷ÀÏ : 2011-09-22

How poor students become slaves of the pyramids

[First in a two-part series] ´ëÇлý 5õ¸í '½½Ç µ¿°Å'…´ëü ¹«½¼ ÀÏ?  

Sept 22,2011
 
  College students and graduates listen to a manager of a pyramid scheme “marketing” company in an apartment basement in Seokchon-dong, southeastern Seoul, on Aug. 24. When police raided the company, the students said they didn’t want to leave. By Byun Sun-goo

On Aug. 24, the Songpa District Police raided a one-room basement apartment in Macheon-dong, southeastern Seoul, and were appalled at what they found.

Fifteen college students and graduates from the countryside were living in a 49-square-meter (527-square-foot) room sharing one tiny and dirty bathroom. They all worked for a company that spent a mere 200,000 won ($174) on their monthly living expenses. They subsisted on instant noodles and a “flour soup,” flour mixed with boiling water.

The police thought they were liberating the abused young people, but most didn’t want to leave. Some yelled at the officers and insisted on remaining in their so-called jobs.

“We tried to send them back home, but they refused,” an investigator said. “It was like a religious cult for these students. I’m not even sure that we can call them victims.”

The “job” in question is a cross between a pyramid scheme and a strong-arm swindle that an ordinary person with any other option would walk away from in an instant. The young people are offered a decent sounding job in Seoul, but when they get there, they are forced to buy a range of consumer products and told to go out and sell them. They’re assured of good profits if they sell the articles at high enough prices. The employer pockets their money and houses them as cheaply as possible.

The people targeted in the pyramid schemes don’t have other options: they are young college students or graduates from the countryside, often from poor-quality schools, who are at the bottom of the barrel in terms of job qualifications. Unemployment is high in rural areas, and they’re desperate to get to Seoul - even if it means working for a swindler and living like prisoners.

According to Songpa District Police in Seoul, there are about 5,000 young people working in such illegal rackets, which call themselves marketing companies, centered in Geoyeo-dong and Macheon-dong in southeastern Seoul.

Police said the students and graduates are forced to purchase more than 1 million won of goods - vitamins, socks, wallets - when they join the companies and are encouraged to take out loans to buy them. They work frantically to sell the junk and their debts pile up. When they get truly desperate, they pull in their friends or schoolmates from back home, using the same lures that had worked on them - and later demand money from them. The swindled become swindlers themselves.

The police said that the number of victims of the pyramid scheme is growing, and several dozens of people end up killing themselves over their debts every year.

In mid February, a 52-year-old executive surnamed Kim at a medium-sized company hanged himself in a hotel room in Ilsan, Gyeonggi. When they started to investigate, Ilsan police were quickly stumped. They could find no reason for the suicide. The man was stable financially and had a harmonious family life. After a month of digging, police discovered that the victim’s 22-year-old daughter was trapped in the pyramid scheme.

This is her story.

In October 2009, when Kim was a freshman in college, she received a phone call from a middle school classmate who hadn’t been in touch for four years. Kim’s friend offered her a job over the winter vacation as an office assistant in an interior decorating shop in Gangnam. Lee thought it would look good on her resume, and told her parents she would live with her friend.

But when Lee got to Seoul, a person who introduced himself as a manager took away her cellphone and directed her to a small room where 20 other students lived together. Her training began the next day at 5 a.m., and the first class was learning how to borrow money from banks. The manager introduced her to a savings bank and made her borrow 8 million won at an annual interest rate of 39 percent. She surrendered the money and got a bunch of products to sell. Kim received about 300,000 won from her parents every month, but she had to use it to pay interest on the loans.

Kim didn’t go home despite her mounting debts because she continued to believe she’d eventually make money selling the goods. But after eight months living in filthy conditions, she started suffering from dysentery. The manager gave up on her, stopped giving her advice and barred her from attending any meetings. Kim returned to Ilsan with a debt of 20 million won. Kim confessed everything to her father, and he hanged himself a week later.

“Kim’s father blamed himself for failing to protect his baby daughter from such a fraud,” Kim’s aunt said. After his suicide, Lee’s mother was forced to work in a restaurant and Kim suffers from depression and rarely leaves the home. “The swindlers took the money and destroyed a family,” Kim’s aunt said. “The most terrible thing is that we can’t even expect punishment for such bad people.”

A 23-year-old male surnamed Ha, who escaped from the pyramid scheme after 18 months, said that most of the students that get entrapped are from poor families and dream to land jobs in Seoul.

“They endure such terrible lives because their lives in their hometown are not much better,” Ha said. “Most of them couldn’t get jobs because they graduated from low-level colleges.”

So far, the police have investigated 115 people trapped in the pyramid schemes, and 85 percent of them are college students from rural areas in their 20s.

The police worry that the pyramid scheme companies are becoming factories churning out a whole new generation of professional swindlers. The students and graduates learn a lot about defrauding banks. When Kim applied for her first loan, her managers provided a training manual on how to get through the savings bank’s verification processes.

“These swindlers educate the students more minutely than we thought in several areas,” a police official said. “They’re taught how to fabricate housing contracts and even bank documents.

“The biggest problem,” he continued, “is they don’t feel guilt at all. And they continue to believe that they will earn a lot of money sometime in the future. They are like brainwashed people.”


By Special Reporting Team [sakwon80@joongang.co.kr]


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